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                    Introduction
            
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                    第零章：实验环境说明
            
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                    第一章：独立式可执行程序
            
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                    [安装 nightly rust]
            
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                    使用包管理器 cargo 创建 rust binary 项目
            
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                    移除标准库依赖
            
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                    [移除 runtime 依赖]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第二章：最小化内核
            
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                    使用目标三元组描述目标平台
            
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                    编译、生成内核镜像
            
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                    使用链接脚本指定内存布局
            
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                    [重写程序入口点 -start]
            
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                    [使用 Qemu 运行内核]
            
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                    封装 SBI 接口
            
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                    [实现格式化输出]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第三章：中断
            
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                    rv64 中断介绍
            
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                    [手动触发断点中断]
            
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                    程序运行上下文环境
            
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                    [实现上下文环境保存与恢复]
            
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                    [时钟中断]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第四章：内存管理
            
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                    [物理内存探测与管理]
            
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                    [动态内存分配]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第五章：内存虚拟化
            
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                    页表：从虚拟内存到物理内存
            
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                    [内核初始映射]
            
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                    内核重映射
            
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                    内核重映射实现之一：页表
            
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                    内核重映射实现之二：MemorySet
            
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                    [内核重映射实现之三：完结]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第六章：内核线程
            
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                    线程状态与保存
            
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                    线程切换
            
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                    内核线程初始化
            
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                    [内核线程创建与切换测试]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第七章：线程调度
            
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                    线程池与线程管理
            
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                    内核调度线程 idle
            
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                    线程调度之 Round Robin 算法
            
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                    [线程调度测试]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第八章：进程
            
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                    [编写用户程序]
            
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                    合并内核与应用程序
            
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                    在内核中实现系统调用
            
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                    创建虚拟内存空间
            
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                    [创建进程]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第九章：文件系统
            
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                    [实现终端]
            
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                    [文件读写]
            
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                    总结与展望
            
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                    第十章：同步互斥
            
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                    1. 中断异常
            
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                    2. 物理内存管理
            
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                    3. 虚拟内存管理
            
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                    4. 线程管理
            
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                    5. 用户进程（+ 虚拟内存管理 + 线程管理）
            
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                    6. CPU 调度
            
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                    7. 同步互斥
            
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                    8. 文件系统
            
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                    附录
            
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                    内联汇编
            
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                    安装 rust
            
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<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token comment">// Cargo.toml</span>

<span class="token punctuation">[</span>dependencies<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
riscv <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> git <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">&quot;https://github.com/rcore-os/riscv&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> features <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">&quot;inline-asm&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x5730;&#x5740;">&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x5730;&#x5740;</h3>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x65B9;&#x4FBF;&#x8D77;&#x89C1;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5148;&#x5C06; stvec &#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A; Direct &#x6A21;&#x5F0F;&#x8DF3;&#x8F6C;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7EDF;&#x4E00;&#x7684;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token comment">// src/lib.rs</span>

<span class="token keyword">mod</span> <span class="token module-declaration namespace">interrupt</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// src/interrupt.rs</span>

<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token namespace">riscv<span class="token punctuation">::</span>register<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    scause<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    sepc<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    stvec<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    sscratch
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">unsafe</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token namespace">sscratch<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token namespace">stvec<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>trap_handler <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token keyword">usize</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token namespace">stvec<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token class-name">TrapMode</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token class-name">Direct</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;++++ setup interrupt! ++++&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">trap_handler</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">let</span> cause <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">scause<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">read</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">cause</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">let</span> epc <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token namespace">sepc<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">read</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token macro property">println!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;trap: cause: {:?}, epc: 0x{:#x}&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> cause<span class="token punctuation">,</span> epc<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;trap handled!&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; stvec &#x4F7F;&#x5F97;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x90FD;&#x8DF3;&#x8F6C;&#x5230; <code>trap_handler</code> &#x5E76;&#x5C06;&#x5176;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x3002;&#x800C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4EC5;&#x4EC5;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#xFF0C;&#x5C31;&#x5306;&#x5306; panic &#x4E86;&#x4E8B;&#x3002;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>[info] &#x521D;&#x59CB;&#x5316;&#x65F6;&#x4E3A;&#x4F55;&#x5C06;<code>sscratch</code>&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x7F6E; 0&#xFF1F;</strong></p>
<p>&#x5C06;<code>sscratch</code>&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x7F6E; 0 &#x4E5F;&#x8BB8;&#x8BA9;&#x4EBA;&#x8D39;&#x89E3;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x5728;<a href="part4.html"><strong>part4 &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0B;&#x6587;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x4E0E;&#x6062;&#x590D;</strong></a>&#x4E2D; j &#x8FDB;&#x4E00;&#x6B65;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x662F;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5728;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x662F;&#x6839;&#x636E; sscratch &#x7684;&#x503C;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x4E3A; 0 &#x6765;&#x5224;&#x65AD;&#x662F;&#x5728; S &#x6001;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x8FD8;&#x662F; U &#x6001;&#xFF08;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6001;&#xFF09;&#x4EA7;&#x751F;&#x7684;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#x3002;&#x7531;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x8FD8;&#x6CA1;&#x6709; U &#x6001;&#x7684;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x7F6E; 0 &#x5176;&#x5B9E;&#x5E76;&#x65E0;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x3002;</p>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x4E3B;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6C47;&#x7F16;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x624B;&#x52A8;&#x89E6;&#x53D1;&#x65AD;&#x70B9;&#x4E2D;&#x65AD;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token comment">// src/init.rs</span>

<span class="token attribute attr-name">#[no_mangle]</span>
<span class="token keyword">pub</span> <span class="token keyword">extern</span> <span class="token string">&quot;C&quot;</span> <span class="token keyword">fn</span> <span class="token function-definition function">rust_main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">-&gt;</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">crate</span><span class="token module-declaration namespace"><span class="token punctuation">::</span>interrupt<span class="token punctuation">::</span></span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">unsafe</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token macro property">asm!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;ebreak&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token punctuation">::</span><span class="token string">&quot;volatile&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token macro property">panic!</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">&quot;end of rust_main&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F7F;&#x7528; <code>make run</code>&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x5E76;&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x80FD;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x7684;&#x6B63;&#x786E;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>[success] trap handled</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span> setup <span class="token macro property">interrupt!</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
trap<span class="token punctuation">:</span> cause<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token class-name">Exception</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">Breakpoint</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> epc<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0x0x80200022
panicked at <span class="token lifetime-annotation symbol">&apos;trap</span> <span class="token macro property">handled!</span>&apos;<span class="token punctuation">,</span> src<span class="token operator">/</span>interrupt<span class="token punctuation">.</span>rs<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token number">5</span>
</code></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x5F88;&#x4E0D;&#x5DE7;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x6709;&#x5DEE;&#x4E0D;&#x591A;&#x76F8;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x6982;&#x7387;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x548C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>[danger] &#x975E;&#x9884;&#x671F;&#x7684;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;</strong></p>
<pre class="language-"><code class="lang-rust"><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span> setup <span class="token macro property">interrupt!</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span> setup <span class="token macro property">interrupt!</span> <span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token operator">+</span>
<span class="token punctuation">...</span><span class="token punctuation">...</span>
</code></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>&#x5185;&#x6838;&#x8FDB;&#x5165;&#x4E86; Boot loop&#xFF1F;</p>
<h3 id="&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x5BF9;&#x9F50;">&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x5BF9;&#x9F50;</h3>
<p>&#x4E3A;&#x4F55;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x662F; qemu &#x6A21;&#x62DF;&#x7684; riscv &#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x4E0D;&#x65AD;&#x5730;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x542F;&#x52A8;&#xFF1F;&#x6839;&#x636E; RV64 ISA&#xFF0C;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5165;&#x53E3;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x6309;&#x7167;&#x56DB;&#x5B57;&#x8282;&#x5BF9;&#x9F50;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x7684;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x5E76;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x8FD9;&#x4E00;&#x70B9;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E; stvec &#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x4E8B;&#x5B9E;&#x4E0A;&#x6700;&#x4F4E;&#x4E24;&#x4F4D;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x88AB;&#x7F6E;&#x96F6;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x53D1;&#x751F;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8DF3;&#x8F6C;&#x5230;&#x4E86;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x6761;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#x4E2D;&#x95F4;&#x3002;&#x663E;&#x7136;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x5F88;&#x5927;&#x6982;&#x7387;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x5404;&#x79CD;&#x5404;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x5947;&#x602A;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#xFF0C;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x8DD1;&#x98DE;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5F88;&#x9057;&#x61BE;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;Rust &#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x529E;&#x6CD5;&#x4FDD;&#x8BC1;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x7684;&#x5BF9;&#x9F50;&#xFF0C;&#x6B64;&#x5916;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x7EAF; Rust &#x5B9E;&#x73B0; Trap handler &#x8FD8;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5176;&#x4ED6;&#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF1A;Rust &#x4F1A;&#x5728;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x548C;&#x7ED3;&#x5C3E;&#x52A0;&#x5165;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x4EE4;&#xFF0C;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x6808;&#x5BC4;&#x5B58;&#x5668;&#x7B49;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x8981;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4FDD;&#x5B58;&#x73B0;&#x573A;&#x7B49;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x4FBF;&#x5728;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x540E;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#xFF0C;Rust &#x5355;&#x72EC;&#x662F;&#x96BE;&#x4EE5;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x63A5;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#x51E0;&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x6C47;&#x7F16;&#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x7F16;&#x5199;&#x7684;&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x6765;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x3002;</p>
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